Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium CDX2 / Caudal Type Homeobox 2 (GI Epithelial Marker)(rCDX2/1690), 1mg/mL
The intestine-specific transcription factors CDX1 and CDX2 are important for directing intestinal development, differentiation, proliferation and maintenance of the intestinal phenotype. CDX2 protein expression has been seen in GI carcinomas. Anti-CDX2 has been useful to establish GI origin of metastatic adenocarcinomas and carcinoidsand is especially useful to distinguish metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma from lung adenocarcinoma. However, mucinous carcinomas of the ovary also express CDX2 protein. It limits the usefulness of this marker in the distinction of metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma from mucinous carcinoma of the ovary. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give hi
Biotium GP2 (Glycoprotein 2) / ZAP75 (GP2/1712), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
GP2 (glycoprotein 2), also known as ZAP75, is a 537 amino acid secreted protein. It is an integral membrane protein that is secreted from intracellular zymogen granules and associates with the plasma membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. GP2 is cleaved and then released into the pancreatic duct along with exocrine secretions. GP2 binds pathogens such as enterobacteria, thereby playing an important role in the innate immune response. The C-terminus of this protein is related to the C-terminus of the protein encoded by the neighboring gene, uromodulin (UMOD). GP2 is also expressed on the apical plasma membrane of specialized microfold (M) cells among enterocytes and serves as a transcytotic receptor for mucosal antigens. M cells are considered a promising target for oral vaccination against various infectious diseases.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and p
Biotium Caldesmon, HMW (h-Caldesmon) (Smooth Muscle Marker), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Caldesmon HMW is the high molecular weight variant of Caldesmon. Two closely related variants of human caldesmon have been identified which are different in their electrophoretic mobility and cellular distribution. The h-caldesmon variant (120'150 kDa) is predominantly expressed in smooth muscle whereas l-caldesmon (70'80 kDa) is found in non- muscle tissue and cells. Neither of the two variants has been detected in skeletal muscle. This antibody recognizes only the 150 kDa variant (h-caldesmon) in Western blots of human aortic media extracts and is unreactive with fibroblast extracts from cultivated human foreskin. Caldesmon is a developmentally regulated protein involved in smooth muscle and non-muscle contraction. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detectin
Biotium Cytokeratin 1 (Suprabasal Keratinocyte Marker)(LHK1), 0.2mg/mL
Keratins are a family of intermediate filament proteins that assemble into filaments through forming heterodimers of one type I keratin (keratins 9 to 23) and one type II keratin (keratins 1 to 8). Keratins demonstrate tissue and differentiation specific expression profiles. Cytokeratin 1 is a hetero-tetramer of two type I as well as two type II keratins, keratin-10 (KRT10). Keratin 1 is differentiation specific keratin that is one of the predominant keratins in suprabasal keratinocytes in stratified epithelia. Mutations in keratin 1 cause epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Arginase 1 (Hepatocellular Carcinoma Marker) (ARG1/1125) , CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 35-38 kDa, which is identified as Arginase 1 (ARG1). Arginase is a manganese metallo-enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to generate ornithine and urea. Arginase I and II are isoenzymes which differ in subcellular localization, regulation, and possibly function. Arginase I is a cytosolic enzyme, which is expressed mainly in the liver as part of the urea cycle, whereas arginase II is a mitochondrial protein found in a variety of tissues. Antibodies to Arginase 1 label hepatocytes in normal tissues and granulocytes in peripheral blood. Arginase 1 is a sensitive and specific marker for identification of hepatocellular carcinoma.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have
Biotium CDX2 / Caudal Type Homeobox 2 (GI Epithelial Marker)(CDX2/2214), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The specificity of this monoclonal antibody to its intended target was validated by HuProt™ Array, containing more than 19, 000, full-length human proteins. The intestine-specific transcription factors CDX1 and CDX2 are important for directing intestinal development, differentiation, proliferation and maintenance of the intestinal phenotype. CDX2 protein expression has been seen in GI carcinomas. Anti-CDX2 has been useful to establish GI origin of metastatic adenocarcinomas and carcinoidsand is especially useful to distinguish metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma from lung adenocarcinoma. However, mucinous carcinomas of the ovary also express CDX2 protein. It limits the usefulness of this marker in the distinction of metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma from mucinous carcinoma of the ovary. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of bl
Biotium ORC1(7F6/1), 0.2mg/mL
The initiation of DNA replication is a multi-step process that depends on the formation of pre-replication complexes, which trigger initiation. Among the proteins required for establishing these complexes are the origin recognition complex (ORC) proteins. ORC proteins bind specifically to origins of replication where they serve as scaffold for the assembly of additional initiation factors. Human ORC subunits 1-6 are expressed in the nucleus of proliferating cells and tissues, such as the testis. ORC1 and ORC2 are both expressed at equivalent concentrations throughout the cell cycle; however, only ORC2 remains stably bound to chromatin. ORC4 and ORC6 are also expressed constantly throughout the cell cycle. ORC2, ORC3, ORC4 and ORC5 form a core complex upon which ORC6 and ORC1 assemble. The formation of this core complex suggests that ORC proteins play a crucial role in the G1-S transition in mammalian cells. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of flu
Biotium von Willebrand Factor / Factor VIII Related-Ag (Endothelial Marker) (VWF/1859R), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein that is found in endothelial cells, plasma and platelets. It acts as a carrier protein for Factor VIII and promotes platelet adhesion and aggregation. vWF undergoes a variety of posttranslational modifications that influence the affinity and availability for Factor VIII, including cleavage of the propeptide and formation of N-terminal disulfide bonds. This antibody helps to establish the endothelial nature of some lesions of disputed histogenesis, e.g. Kaposi's sarcoma and cardiac myxoma. It is widely used for differentiating vascular lesions from those of other tissue differentiation within a panel of other vascular markers although not all tumors of endothelial differentiation contain this antigen.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and C
Biotium Prohibitin (Mitochondrial Marker)(PHB/1881), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 30 kDa which is identified as Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved protein with homologues found in yeast to man. It is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Although prohibitin mRNA and protein expression occurs throughout the cell cycle, maximum levels are detected during the G1/S phase transition and minimum levels are seen in S phase and the G2/mitosis boundary. Prohibitin is located exclusively in the mitochondria with the highest concentration on the inner membrane. Prohibitin is an ideal mitochondrial marker. It shows antiproliferative activity and has been proposed to play a role in normal cell cycle regulation, replicative senescence, cellular immortalization, and tumor suppression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended fo
Biotium Androgen Receptor(AR441), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 110 kDa, which is identified as androgen receptor (AR). It reacts with full length, and the newly described A form of the receptor. It does not cross react with estrogen, progesterone, or glucocorticoid receptors. AR functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. The expression of AR is reportedly inversely correlated with histologic grade; ie, well differentiated prostate tumors show higher expression than the poorly differentiated tumors. In prostate cancer, AR has been proposed as a marker of hormone-responsiveness and thus it may be useful in identifying patients likely to benefit from anti-androgen therapy. Anti-androgen receptor has been useful clinically in differentiating morpheaform basal cell carcinoma (mBCC) from desmoplastic
Biotium Chromogranin A(LK2H10 + PHE5 + CGA414), 1mg/mL
Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like
Biotium CD50 (ICAM-3)(ICAM3/1019), 0.2mg/mL
Recognizes an N-glycosylated glycoprotein of 120 kDa with intra-chain disulfide bonds, identified as CD50 or ICAM-3. CD50 is the major ligand for LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and may have signaling role to increase adhesion. It is expressed on thymocytes and T lymphocytes and is resistant to treatment with phosphatidylinositol (PI) phospholipase C. This MAb is excellent for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Muscle Specific Actin(HHF35 + MSA/953), 0.2mg/mL
This antibody recognizes actin of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. It is not reactive with other mesenchymal cells except for myoepithelium. Actin can be resolved on the basis of its isoelectric points into three distinctive components: alpha, beta, and gamma in order of increasing isoelectric point. Anti-muscle specific actin recognizes alpha and gamma isotypes of all muscle groups. Non-muscle cells such as vascular endothelial cells and connective tissues are non-reactive. Also, neoplastic cells of non-muscle-derived tissue such as carcinomas, melanomas, and lymphomas are negative.It stains tumors of smooth muscle (leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas) as well as skeletal muscle (rhabdomyomas and rhabdomyosarcomas).Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detectin
Biotium CD2(LFA2/600), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CD2 interacts through its amino-terminal domain with the extracellular domain of CD58 (also designated CD2 ligand) to mediate cell adhesion. CD2/CD58 binding can enhance antigen-specific T cell activation. CD2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on peripheral blood T lymphocytes, NK cells and thymocytes. CD58 is a heavily glycosylated protein with a broad tissue distribution in hematopoietic and other cells, including endothelium. Interaction between CD2 and its counter receptor LFA3 (CD58) on opposing cells optimizes immune system recognition, thereby facilitating communication between helper T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells, as well as between cytolytic effectors and target cells.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abunda
Biotium Desmin (Muscle Cell Marker) (DES/1711), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytoskeletal intermediate filaments (IFs) constitute a diverse group of proteins that are expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner. IFs are constructed from two-chain alpha-helicalcoiled-coil molecules arranged on an imperfect helical lattice, and have been widely used as markers for distinguishing individual cell types within a tissue and identifying the origins of metastatic tumors. Vimentin is an IF general marker of cells originating in the mesenchyme. Vimentin and Desmin, a related class III IF, are both expressed during skeletal muscle development. Desmin, a 469 amino acid protein found near the Z line in sarcomeres, is expressed more frequently in adult differentiated state tissues. Anti-desmin detects cells of normal smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles. The antibody reacts with leiomyomas, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyomas, rhabdomyosarcoma, and perivascular cells of glomus tumors of the skin.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluor